PHA Ư Ư Բ ڿ õ ȥ(, blending)Ͽ ǰ 䱸ϴ Ȯϴ PHA ִ 鵵 Ӽ ȭ ؼ ư ִ. ̹ 2016 ̰ A*STAR PHA PHA Ѿ ִ(Polyhydroxyalkanoates: opening doors for a sustainable future, 2016, NPG Asian Materials).
츻, ο ٸ õ ڵ PHA ȥ ̴. ֱ ڿ ° ϴ ״(lignin) ȥյ ް ȭ ְ ִ.
ϳ ȭ PHA ȭŰ grafting̳ ٸ ڵ (block copolymer ) Եȴ. μ 翡 캸Ҵ LGȭ P3HP PLA ü ִ(öƽ ̾, 2023 7ȣ ). ̷ ϰ Ͽ װ ü ռ PHA Ƿ ǰ鵵 ƴ϶, 츮 뷮 Һϴ Һ ǰ ִ.
̾ 翡 PHA 꿡 ִ پ ⼺ ڿ 캸 ̴. ̸ ȯ ־ PHA ִ 캼 ̴. ̾ ذ Ǵ PHA ڸ ȯ濡 صǵ ϴ ƴ ȸϿ ڿȭ ϴ ؼ ˾ƺ Ӱ ȯ ϰ ϴ PHA ¿ ؼ 캸 Ѵ.
ֱ Renewable Carbon Initiative(RCI) ǥ Food & Feed Crops (FFC, ķ Ḧ Ǵ ۹) ̿ؼ ̿ɹĮ ϴ ķ Ⱥ 浹ȴٴ ؿ ؼ ݴ (2023, 6). ٴ FFC ̿Ͽ ̿(biobased) ȭǰ 쿡 ĺȭ ȭ, 꼺 , ȯ , ε鿡 , ȭ, ķ Ȯ ̶ ϰ ִ. European Bioplastics 2023 4 ǥ ڷῡ 2027 ̿ öƽ 꿡 ʿ ü 0.058% Ұ ̶ .
1. ĺȭ ȭ:
ȭκ ̿ ȯϴ ֵ ǰ ִ ĺȭ ̴µ Ѵ.
2. 꼺 :
۹ ƴϰ ü ̴. FFC (yield) ̸ پ ǰ ϸ鼭 ȿ ȭϰ ȴ.
3. ȯ :
ǰ °踦 ȣϸ鼭 ڿ ȿ 꼺 ̸鼭 ȯε ȴ.
4. ε鿡 :
FFC ؼ پ (ǰ, , ̿, ̿) ǰ ν ε鿡 ñ οϸ鼭 ڰ þ ̴.
5. ȭ:
FFC 谡 鼭 پ ̴. ̿ ̿ ǰ ݿ ̹ϰ ̴.
6. :
FFCκ ܹ dz ǰ ܹ ϸ鼭 ְ ̴.
7. ķ :
ϰ ִ ķ þ Ǹ鼭 Ŭ ˹ߵǴ ƹ ٿְ ̴.
ڵ ̿ ־ ȸ, ȯ, ȿ(Triple Bottom Line-TBL-People, Planet, Profit, John Elkington, 1994) Բ ϴ 츮 ؾ Ͽ ֹϰ ִ. ڵ ܼ 鿡 ݴϸ鼭 ؼ ķ Բ FFCκ ̿ ɼ ְ ٷ 䱸ϰ ִ.
ᱹ, FFC ̿ ̿ 縦 ϴ ſ ϱ м 䱸Ѵٴ ̴.
ġ ܼ ¥ ߿ ε鿡 å ϰ ƴ϶ Ӱ ĺȭ ȭ ϴ ɼ ִ. RCI ϸ鼭 ſ Ǹ ؼ ķ ̿ ְ ٷ Ǹϰ ִ.
̿öƽ PLA Ӱ ϴ PBP ź ̿ ķ ڿ ̿Ͽ ǰ ִ. ̿öƽ 꿡 ־ ߴ ׳뼿ν (lignocellulose) ķκ ƴ ķ ڿ ̿Ͽ ̿öƽ ϴ ̶ ִ. ̿ Բ ⼺ ̿ ɵ ư PHA 꿡 ̷ ϰ ִ.
ǰ ̿Ͽ ϴ Hyfé
ֱٿ ġ ִ ȯ(waste-to-value)ϴ ȸ Hyfé ȯ湮 ذϸ鼭 ִ ǰ Ӱ ȯϴµ ڰ ǰ ִ. ֱٿ پ ڻκ 9鸸 ڸ ް Ǿ. ݾ η ϰ Ϸ Ը ̴. (Biomanufacturing) ǰ, , ȭǰ ϴµ Ӱ ̶ ִ.
2030 3Ⱑ ź ̶ Ѵ. ȭῡ ģ , , 긲ı ؼ ִ ذؾ ̴. Ѿ ֹ ݰ Բ ̷ ħϴ (sugar feedstocks) ΰ? ִ. 10~20Ⱓ ̿ 䱸Ǵ ǰ ִ.
ݵ θ鼭 μ ȰǴ ȿ ִ źҿ 鿩ٺ ýۿ ִ ̴.
Hyfé â CEO Michelle Ruiz “ ذ ɼ ִٴ ־ Ѵ” ϸ鼭 “츮 ̿ ȯϴ ̿ ٺ ذ Դϴ. 츮 ġ , µ 뷮, ȯ ֽϴ” Ѵ.
ü ǰ ȯϴ ٸ ȸ Hyfé ǰ κ ο Ḧ âϸ鼭 ó ȿ ̿ ΰġȭ ִ. ǰ ̿ϰ , ǰ ȸ ó ̰, Ű鼭, ź¼ ̸鼭 ü ְ ȴ.
ȸ Ӱϸ ִ ؼ ȿ ̰ ȭ ̴. ־ źҸ ϴ 츮鼭 ó ؾ ϴµ ִ. ó ź, ̻ȭź, ȭ, Ȳȭ · ½ 1.5% Ѵ.
Hyfé 簡 ν ü ῡ ־ - ȭ, , - ذϰ Ѵ. “̷ ̿ Ը 4 ̸ Ǹ 30 ֽ . Hyfé ־ Ǵ ذϰ ϴ ڷμ ϰ Դϴ” â ̻ȸ Ͽ Rosie Wardle δ. ̹ ij Genecis, ״ Paques Biomaterials ó ⼺ ڿ PHA ȿ ؼ Ը ɼ ְ ϴ ȸ
̴.
׳뼿ν ̿ PHA
ڿ ģ ȯ湮 ͰǸ Ӱ ȯ Űܰ ΰ ξ ̴. ķ ̿Ž ƴ ķ ̿Ž ׳뼿ν öƽ ν öƽ ȯ湮 ̴.
ü James Winterburn ̻ ̿ ⼺ ڿ ΰġȭ ȭ ־ 迡 ռ ̴. ̹ Holiferm̶ ȸ縦 ؼ Sophorolipid Ȱ(biosurfactant) ȭ Ǽϸ ôϰ ִ. James Winterburn ϳ оߴ PHA̴.
PHA Ȥ Ȱ ̻ ϴ ̿öƽ ذ ̴. ȿ̸ Ӱ PHA Ͼ ִ. James Winterburn ̿Ž ׳뼿ν ̿Ž ̿ ȯ μ PHA ִ. λϴ ȯ ģȭ ̿Ž ȯ ־ ҿǴ , Ӱɼ ׳뼿ν ̳̿ʸ PHA ϴ Ϳ ؼ 캸 ִ. ֱ ռ
Ը ȿü Ǽ ̷ ɼ ְ ִ.
, и , Ӱ PHA 꿡 ־ ϰ ׳뼿ν Ͽ PHA(ٸ ̿ 굵 Ͽ) ϴµ ־ غؾ ϰ ִ(Valorization of Lignocellulose by Producing Polyhydroxyalkanoates under Circular Bioeconomy Premises: Facts and Challenges, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2022, 10, 16459-16475).
ٸ ̿ Ȥ ڵ PHA ȥ ()
ȥ(blending) PHA ȭ ȿ ̶ ִ. ̸ ü Ǵ غ ִ. ߹ ϰ ٲپν ִ. ذ Ǵ ȥ PHA ο οϰ ȴ. ̷ ȥ ִ.
ϸ鼭 Ͽ, ȯ濡 صǴ öƽ ü Ǵ Ǿ ջ پϰ ִ.
ֱ CJ PHA 迭 PHACT NatureWorks PLA ȥ ο ô ̷ ȥ ɼ ְ ִ. PLA ϴ Total Energies Corbion簡 ߱ PHA BluePha 2023 5 ϱ ǥ ͵ ̷ ƶ ̴. PHA ٸ ذ ڿ ȥ PHA ų ִ. پϰ ǰ ִ PHA Ӱϰ Ǵ õ ̳ ذ ռ ڸ ȥѴٸ Ͽ ̿ ȯŴμ ȯ ϴ ٰ Ŭ ̴.
PHA ״(lignin) ȥ
PHA ״ ȥ 츦 캸 Ѵ. ǰ 忡 ڸ Ҷ ؼ 鼭 ʿ ɼ Ű ̴. ̸ ؼ پ õ ڸ ÷ϴ ϰ ִ.
״ ϴ dz ڿμ ֱ ΰġ ǰ ִ. ״ ױ, UV ȭ ִ ̴. ̷ ״ ڿ ȥ (÷) ü ȭ ̴. ״ ̷ ڱ ʰ (Ȥ ߸) (heterogenous) ״ ü ȴ. ұϰ ״ ̿ ȭ ־ ϰ ϰ ϴ ɵ ϰ ִ. ̷ ؼ ǰ κ
ֱ⸦ ϰ ִ. ״ ڷμ, phenylpropane ݺǴ ̸ , յ -OH ټ ϰų carboxylic acid ִ.
״ ̷ ۿ Բ Ư ؼ PHA ȥտ ־ ſ ĺ ̶ ִ. ״ ؼ Ŀٶ (spherulite) 2 ش. ̷ (PHB ̷ ).
ؼ organosolv lignin̳ butyrate ü PHB ̸鼭 PHB ȭ ӵ ߴ ־. ״ ڵ PHB ȭ ġµ PHB PHB/lignin ȥ ״ ؼ ȭ ð پ ־. PHB/lignin ȥ ȭ PHB ؼ ٴ ִ. ̴ ״ ÷ ؼ PHB Ͽ ũ ϸ ڰ Ѵ. ״ ڸ PHB ȭ ִ ο (nucleating agent)μ ִ. soda lignin PHB ȥ 쿡 PHB Ű ǥǾµ soda lignin PHB ʱ µ ̴ δ. TGA, DSC, SEM м 40% soda lignin ÷ PHB soda lignin ȣۿ ְ
Ѵٴ ־.
״ѵ ýۿ ֱ Է ȭ ʿ ִ. ̷ ȣ ۿ ״ ۿ PHB carbonyl(C=O) ̿ ϴ Ǿ. ̷ ȥ ڵ ŵ 캼 , PHB ʸ 12ð ȿ 45% ̿Ž ߴ. ״ 10% ̿Ž Ұ 12% ̸ ״ ۿ Ű ش. ̻ ۿϴ ϴ ҷ ۿϴ ̴. ߰ м ؼ ״ PHB Ͽ
ȥչ ظ ϴ Ÿ.
ֱٿ PHA ̿ Ȱϴ. öƽ ȯ ° ϰ Ǿ ̴.
ֱ PHA ȭ ȸ PHA ؼ ɸ , ź 鿡 Ȱ PHA öƽ ܴ ƴϱ ̴. INRAE ֱ PHA PHBV (reuse) ϱ ؼ gallic acid, quercetin (״ѵ ) ÷Ͽ ô ǿ ϰ ִ ߴ. 迡 gallicacid, quercetin ÷ ؼ ذ صǾ.
ǰ - ô-ǰ ˰ ü Ŭ --NaOH , 10% ź, 3% ʻ꿡 Ͽ, 1wt% NaOH ǥ ߰ߵǾ.
PHAӸ ƴ϶ PLA, PBAT پ ״Ѱ ü ȥտ Ȱϸ ״ ܿ , 볪 پ ̿Ž Ʈ ȿ Ͽ ̰ źҹ ̰ ϴ µ ȭ ε δ.
PHA ȭ ߿伺
ʿ ļ PHA ȭ ư پ ȸ Ⱦ 캻 ٰ ִ.
1. --
ȣ University of Queensland(UQ) Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing(AMPAM) Ǵ õ PHA Ͽ (biocomposite) · ϻȰ Һ ǰ ϰϴ ؿ ִ. Wood Polymer Composite(WPC) ·μ PHA ϸ鼭 ؼ ص μ ɼ ִ(Ӱ öƽ (3)- PHA ȭ ѷ Ⱦ, öƽ ̾ 2023. 3ȣ ). ̷ ȥ ǰ ߸鼭, ְ, õ ϸ, ظ ϸ鼭 ȯ濡 δ ü ִٴ .
PHA-õ ̿ᰡ öƽ ؿ ȯ ذ ϰ ִ. , ؾ, ȭǿ ذ (brittle) ؼ Ḧ ʷ ü ִ ɻ̴. õ κ PHA ÷ϸ κ brittleness Ͽ ϱ ִ.
̷ ذϱ ؼ UQ-AMPAM ȣ 30 ȸ SDI Plastics(̽þ, ߱ ü ) Ͽ PHA-õ ȥ (blend) Ŀ带 Ͽ ߴ. 2022 SDI Plastics UQ-AMPAM ؼ ȸ öƽ ذ ȭϸ鼭 Ͼ ڸ ִ ȸ Ͽ ߴ.
± Ӱ ȭ ǰ 100% ̿ Ḧ ̿Ͽ ϰ öƽ ذϱ ؼ ϱ ߴ. 20% õ PHA ÷Ͽ (ductility) polypropylene(PP) ݰ鼭 ȭ ؿ پٴ ߰ߴ. ؿ Ͽ PHA ο ã ȭ 鼭 PHA-õ ȥ ٴ ȹ ִ.
2. GO!PHA Ȱ Ʈ
ֱٿ Ƹ GO!PHA շߴ. ij PHA ȸ Genecis翡 ִ Ƹ ڵ Ӱ ߱ϸ鼭 ȯ Ƹ ۷ι Ͻ ij ִ. Ƹ ż ̿ ְ .
2023 10 10~11Ͽ 3rd PHA World Congress ̱ ƲŸ ƿ Bioplastics GO!PHA ַ . PHA , , , پ о߿ Ͽ ǥ ̰ ̸ Ʈũ δ. ַ Դٰ Ϲ̿ ó ֵǰ ȴ.